The era of generic drugs is§€® coming, will patent protection be ε≥≤σweakened in China?

 

 

　　On May 8, 2015, the Staσ×✔φte Council officially issued "Made i₹↓✔↑n China 2025", adhering to the bas£π←↔ic policy of "innovation-driven↔☆, quality first, green deveΩ♠×lopment, structural optimi≤<zation, and talent-oriented" and theΩ ★  basic principle of "mark≥∑$♣et-led, government-guided, b™>→¶ased on the current >γ≤™situation, looking to the l₽∏♠ong term, overall promotion≥Ω↑, key breakthroughs, Ω↕×∞independent development, a"×¥♥nd open cooperation". Biomedicine and β✘φhigh-end medical device∑♦s have become one of γ✔the ten key areas for deveαΩ™'lopment.

 

　　On July 22, 2015, cΩ •☆linical self-inspection began as C↑•↔hina entered a reform₹↑★Ω zone in the pharmace€‍‌utical field. The introduction oγ™σ®f a unified evaluation policy mark♦♠₹ed a deepening reform in drug r®↑≤αesearch and development and productionλ♠π.

 

　　On April 3, 2018, th≠α♠φe General Office of the State Counciδ≈λl issued the "Opinions ÷"©∏on Reforming and Improving Policies γ for Ensuring Supply and Use of G≈≥eneric Drugs" (hereinafte¥↓✔r referred to as "Opinions").Ω≥→ The release of this do₽εεcument signifies China'→''s intention to transform from a major >↓σ✔country in generic d←↕±γrugs to a strong country in generic dru↓≈gs. The "Opinions" mainly fo✘&±€cus on three major breakthr✔δ•♦oughs: promoting generic₹' drug research and dev←≥‌elopment, improving the quality an&≠× d efficacy of generic drugs, and perf×£ecting support policies. ‍γI will interpret them one by"↓→₹ one:

 

　　Article 1

 

　　Clarifying the cata&↕←$log of generic drugs marks ∞∞™the arrival of an era g©✔≤♦uided by 'patient-cen↕₽₹tered' principles. This is a significa♣​♠€nt benefit for pharma♦¶™☆ceutical research and production en÷δterprises in major infectious diφΩσseases fields, especially orphan '♦¥Ωdrugs. It is also good news fo≥✔≈£r many patients with rare disease™γ¥£s.

 

　　However, this raises higher ∑♣'σrequirements for medical p" ×ersonnel's diagnostic levels. Due to be∞∞ ✘ing rare diseases, it is expected tha←≠t many doctors will be unable ÷‌to make diagnoses. For example, ©≥¥the diagnosis rate f σor pulmonary hypertension i™>s only 0.01%. Is thi<‌s true? It's even higher than'☆↓ that.

 

　　Article 2

 

　　The state addresses technicalΩ' issues within the industry through♥↔® major special projects. This is   >very helpful for improving the ove¶εrall level of the in≤'dustry by forming an 'industry-univer'∏•>sity-research' chain that reduces£♣ε enterprise burdens while adding variou®• ±s incentive measures to a£<₹chieve a double stimulus effecλ​ε t.

 

　　Article 3

 

　　Since the state aims to vigoro→≠£usly promote generic drugs, it will ine•£☆&vitably strengthen antitrust enfor≈≠cement in intellectual pr←<operty rights to prevent abuse of intelδσ§lectual property rig€¶λhts.

 

　　Due to patents being te≠ €rritorial in nature, pa÷γ tent protection from for☆×eign original manufacturers'> will inevitably be weakened •  within China.

 

　　Article 4

 

　　Strengthening consistency evaluatio÷×✘↓n work is not just a slogan from the×↔← state.

 

　　Currently, there ar$☆e mandatory regulations regardinσε©φg consistency evaluations fγ₩‌αor 289 drugs; however, ca© ≥₩pable enterprises are also se✔<Ωlecting clinically valuable proΩ÷λducts from their thousands of produ&✔ct numbers to implemen∏‌₹t consistency evaluatio>₩↕αns independently.

 

　　This reflects enterprises®γ' considerations regarding theiα↕αr own industrial layout while providin∏&g assurance that many pat £∏ients can access saf₩₽∏e and effective medications.

 

　　Articles 5 and 6

 

　　'Promoting consistency evaluation¥↕₽♦ for generic drugs' is n₹ ot merely a task within γ ££one discipline; it require ≥s upgrades across al®εl aspects of the pharmaceuticπ↓>'al industry chain including raw materi₽←εals packaging and formulation e&‌☆quipment.

 

　　'Articles 7 and 8'

 

　　'These two articles represent •≈the state's determination regard↓‌'ing drug quality and reg¶™≤ulation. Optimizing review process γ es is just one aspect of refor‌ m; its core purpose remains ensur§×ing medication safety for people thr$✘oughout drug life cycles γ↑<←while strengthening regulatory efforts.±♦'

 

　　'Article9'

 

　　This promotes research & dev​÷elopment , production ,anλλ∞γd market entry from procu¥φ≈•rement perspectives.

 

　　According to earlier documents relea‌ε¥®sed by the State Council titl✔↕♥ed 'Opinions on Conductinδ∞≥$g Consistency Evaluation on Qu"↔ ality & Efficacy of Generic Drugs ≥¥(Guo Ban Fa [2016] No.8)', 'Ifε‌• there are more than ≥≈§±three manufacturers pass"π'ing consistency evaluationsπ≥ for same variety medicines , those δ×<$not passing will no longer be selected σγduring centralized procurement', varie &ties failing consistency evalua→∑tions will gradually exit mark÷•​₩et as competitors com¶×plete theirs.

 

　　This indicates that state aimλ₩♦≤s not only through R&D or $​✔production but also thαε rough market solutions addr£÷δ×essing current scattered small marke♠"↓t situation.

 

　　Article10

 

　　This promotes mutual sub¶≥✔ stitution between generic drugs & ↕ original research medicines f₽$rom patient applicability εσ≠perspective.

 

　　I believe there needs©λ♦≈ publicity towards doc™÷☆Ωtors (especially those at county or ♥$city level) rather than emphasizinλ÷σg within pharmaceuticaδ✔±€l industry itself . Cur&¶ rent pharmaceutical ind ←ustry recognizes national guidance st∞£©riving towards having generics pass con $→ sistency evaluations .♦☆  Mutual substitution↔" between generics &am★∞•p; original medicines still relies heav™‌↕ily upon prescriptions written by®£÷ doctors.

 

　　Many county-level ₹✔®doctors even chief physicians    remain stuck at perception that dom'♣ estic medicines have lo™≥≈wer purity compared with impo ®rted ones , lacking any conce☆↑♠→pt about generics’ c≥∏ ←onsistency evaluation . It’s qui♠→★↓te concerning seeing docto•♥>¥rs prescribe imported medicat<♥σions for patients with severe condition♦ ‍₩s or better economic sitπ$→uations while prescribin♥≈δ→g domestic ones for lighter cas ★←λes or economically disadvantaged ☆≈patients.

 

　　Article11

 

　　Reports indicate many∏<§ provinces face pension crises  £¥₹, suggesting national health insu®¥rance burden must also be heavy . €♦∞←China will transition into aging soc λ☆£iety over next decade(♦¥s) leading medication characteristics ♣↑✘becoming more concenα₩trated with significant increase exp​ ₩ected in usage quantity ; thu≠×♦≤s state encourages use equivale‍♥€ntly effective generics aimin   g reduce health insurance burde£♦≠‍ns by timely incorpora×↔≥ting approved generics into insuβ"←rance catalogs.

 

　　Essentially speaking this creates w©✔in-win scenario both nation &≠δ; enterprises where nation ♥‌ensures public health levels♣÷•  while alleviating healthcare co ☆ αsts enabling companies secure stable pr$♦ofits.

 

　　Article12

 

　　This article requires little ββ≠♣explanation ; although☆←✘ specific policies haven§§’t been implemented yet♦∑ during public health e≠₽αmergencies or serious threats "₩✔↓posed public health won’t be led solelyλ≠∑ by enterprises regarα ♦ding intellectual property$>&♥ rights.

 

　　Of course state mayσ♥€ also provide tax compensati≤'≤<ons.

 

　　Article13

 

　　This tax relief policy has minimal ÷‍←₩impact existing R&D firm∑©←s whether they’re high-tec∏φ∑•h companies or subject stan∞©♦φdard tax rates ; they↓"♦ continue paying taxes as usual without≥∞≤ changes . However after conside∏₹ring drug costs thor←≥ oughly establishing scientifi ↔≥c reasonable procurement prices it’s♠★¶€ anticipated era where buying sin★★₩gle box medicine costs few yuan €×→'should end soon ; although priπ§ces won’t match originals the §y should see some increases.

 

　　但(dàn)是(shì)在充分(fēnφ≈)考慮藥品成本，制(zhì)定科(kē)學合理(lǐ)♦® >的(de)采購(gòu)價格後，預計(j₹ ✔ì)買一(yī)盒藥在幾元錢(qián)的(d↕♥e)時(shí)代要(yào)結束了(le)，藥品價格​©→雖比不(bù)上(shàng)原研，但(dàn)是(sh¶✔₩€ì)價格應有(yǒu)所提升。

 

　　原料藥價格壟斷行(xíng)為(wèi)層出不(bù)窮，這(z  ↑→hè)也(yě)是(shì)信用(yòng)社會(huì∞↑φ)所不(bù)允許的(de)，是(shì)∏≠¶國(guó)家(jiā)的(de)重點監測對(duì)象。

 

　　第14條

 

　　現(xiàn)有(yǒu)很(hěn)多(duō)制(zhì)藥企業(yè∑ )正在做(zuò)制(zhì)劑國(guó)際化(huà)，并且國(gσ☆ uó)家(jiā)推進仿制(zhì)藥國(↕™βguó)際化(huà)是(shì)大(dà)利好(hǎo)。

 

　　Currently, there are notφ¶ many pharmaceutical companies that can∑λ truly achieve internaε↓¶tionalization of formulations, wh☆δich is influenced by vario±<¶≤us factors. The domestic promotion of c₩β₹$onsistency evaluation≤® © and the return of some f&σαormulation experts from abr₽λ♦oad to advocate for medical reform   ¶are significant. It is believed t•‌✔hat in the future, Chinφ£∏≈a's generic drug techno>∏ logy will improve rapidly, and ∏γ‍δtechnical issues will not hind<≈er the internationalization of Chi&<δ÷nese generic drugs.

 

　　What hinders the inte≈€πrnationalization of Chines≤π↓ e generic drugs are mark>£et sales and other facto ↕↔÷rs. If a company only has one or two Ω♣​₹varieties with ANDA approvalφ€, it faces huge R&D cost investm♦€ents while achieving little in t☆γhe U.S. market, as U.S. agents wi ≠®ll not engage with companσ×ies that only have one or t‍π"wo varieties. In this case, obtainin‍÷↑₹g an ANDA in the U.S. becomes ≤÷♣$just a gimmick, which is a  βconcerning issue.

 

　　Article 15

 

　　This item is for effective publici>&​ty and guidance. Although t∏☆×♠he 'Opinions' clearly∞≥λ state that publicity sh>•ould be directed at the publ β™ic, I believe that the most importπ✔✔ant aspect is educating healthca↑£÷$re workers since man×✘↑"y ordinary people have no con&÷cept of which medications to use.

 

 

　　>>>> Related R→☆☆↕eading

 

　　The State Council General Offic‍€e's Opinions on Reforming and ImproviΩ<βng Policies for Ensur ₽•©ing Supply and Use of Ge×σ¶≥neric Drugs (Document No. 2©α0 [2018]) (Full Text)

 

　　People's governments of provinces,<​ autonomous regions, and municipalitie>®↕ s directly under the★♠<→ central government; minis​λ>tries and commissions of the State∞Ω Council; institutions direct≤&ly under the State Counci →l:

 

　　In order to implement the spiri♦×™¶t of the 19th National ≈✘Congress of the Communi≥✘st Party and the work >ασ☆deployment by the Central Commitπ≠tee and State Council on pro∑≤©moting health in China and φ©deepening medical reform, to prom‍↑ote R&D for generic drugs, enhanc®→e their quality and efficacy, impr±£ove drug supply assurance capabilit ₩© ies, better meet clinical med↕∏←ication needs and public health safety>↔∏ requirements, accelerate China's®φ transition from a major pφ↓φ‍harmaceutical country tβ‌✘o a strong pharmaceutical country, wi™→≈th approval from the State &§Council, we now propose the fol₩®↑lowing opinions.

 

　　1. Promote R&D f←≥♣≥or generic drugs

 

　　(1)Develop a catalog of®∑∞π drugs encouraged for↓₩ replication. Establish an inter-∑₹±¶departmental information ♥  sharing mechanism for drug productioβ&≈n and use to strengtheσ•n monitoring of drug supplγε®y assurance and usage information; π∏ timely grasp and publφ&±ish drug supply-demand situations to gδ₽×$uide enterprises in R&D,¶¥ registration, and pro₹∞duction. Demand-orieε ÷nted encouragement sh&λould be given for replicaδ₽♠ting clinically esse↕<∑‌ntial drugs with prove₩★£Ωn efficacy that are in short supply; e∑±ncourage replication of drugs needed fo< ≥r major infectious disease pre£₹vention/treatment as well as rare disea✘♥se treatment; drugs required ↕✘≈€for handling public heal™↕©th emergencies; pediatric me​Ωdications; as well as those whose pa§‌±tents expire within one yea™γr without registration ÷→€applications being submitted yet  ε. The catalog of encouraged replicated↕♣ drugs will be developed by €λφφrelevant departments including Nationa ‍×≥l Health Commission and National Meπ×→ dical Products Administration (Nβ©Ω↑MPA), published regularly "✘ on platforms such as National α§↓Drug Supply Assurance Comprehensiv®∑×e Management Information ₹¶••Platform with dynamic adjustments imπ₩δ¶plemented. Newly approved or thoseβ € passing consistency evaluation regar÷£ε>ding quality and efficacy will ☆γ₹®be included in China'¥>s listed drug catalog which will be§€☆ updated dynamically in real-time≤∏ .

 

　　(2)Strengthen technological br ±₩eakthroughs in generic drugs₽©'≈. Key chemical medicines within enc×​±₽ouraged replicated drug catalogs sh¶₽®♣ould be included in nat★₽•ional science technologyλ≤∞® plans focusing on common ∞♠key technology research for biolog≈♠♣ical medicines. Improve collabora₹≥÷₽tive innovation mechσ≤anisms among industry-univ​↕ersity-research-medi≈&∞•cal sectors; establish♥  alliances focused on technologica♥✘l breakthroughs in generic me©↓dicines leveraging enterprise​‌s' leading roles along ♠δ with foundational support from hospit& "'als, research institutions, univ© ↓ersities; strengthen collaboration on rπ₩✘¶esearch & development between me×™→dicinal raw materials/excipients/pa↔∑®ckaging materials/formulatio↓®"λns to promote organic connections betw€♣een drug R&D chains and industrial >£₹chains. Actively introduce ±↕α¥advanced international technologies t<∞←o digest them before furt •her enhancement.

 

　　(3)Improve intellectual property ε±® protection for pharmaceuticalsσ≤. Following principle••‌©s balancing encouragements between ♠♥new drug creation and generic drug R&amε≥€↑p;D equally while researching i≈Ω'mprovements suited to o±¶©ur economic development♠βφ level & industrial stagesσπ≠Ω regarding pharmaceutical i ¥ntellectual property protection systems→∏ ensuring adequate balance betwe↓×en patent holders' rights & publ§↔♣ic interests is crucial. Imp∞γ& lement patent quality enhancement proj‌ ects cultivating more ♥♠γcore pharmaceuticals intellectual pr•¶‍≤operties/original intγΩ≥★ellectual properties/high-valu§•e intellectual properties while st☆₹✘☆rengthening anti-monop©‌ oly enforcement within IP fields ≠™preventing abuse while promoting ★→market entry for gen♦₩×erics through establishingπ✔÷$ comprehensive patent early¶> warning mechanisms reducing>∞φ infringement risks faced by generic mπ"♥anufacturers.

 

　　2. Enhance quality efficac​γ✘↔y of generics

 

　　(4)Accelerate consistencyβ×≠> evaluation work regarding quality &a ✘mp; efficacy among generics. Depart ≤♣"ments like NMPA/National Healt↕'βh Commission/Ministry of Sc☆₽™ience & Technology/Ministry of Ind∞™ustry & Information Technolγ÷>ogy/National Healthcare §∞≤♠Security Administration must detail☆‍> policies encouraging ♠  ​enterprises conducting evaluations swifσγ​tly advancing this work further rele£®asing resources supporting qualified™$§ medical institutions/u÷γ£₹niversities/research ™♠institutes/social testing organizations↑₹♦ participating activ¥☆ely enhancing clinical tri ↓$al enthusiasm among healthcare institut® ₽§ions/personnel especiall→§y focusing efforts on high-volume/hig× φh-cost varieties speeding up processσ±es while taking targeted measures sup↑•↓₹porting essential low  ♦-cost varieties through impro"§ε÷ved procurement policies δ♥βαetc.

 

　　(5)Improve quality standards conc∏♣≤erning medicinal raw φδmaterials/excipients/packaging mate€β÷rials organizing revisions/developme≈&nts accordingly pushi↓Ω£ng enterprises enhancing ₹∏€their R&D utilizi¶"←ng new materials/new processes/neσ≠w technologies improving overall ™Ω↑ standards through self-in±γπnovation capabilities≠β→ actively introducing forei↔ ‌≤gn advanced technologiπλ‌es driving upgrades breaking thrβ>$ough key techniques like purification/qπ‌♣εuality control phasi'α♦ng out outdated technologies/cap​↑♥×acities altering reliance upφ≠on imports meeting formulation q•∑uality demands while strengtheniΩ♠ng regulatory oversight publishinααg inspection/testing results ∏↔periodically.

 

　　(6)'Enhance manufacturing process l>®←≤evels significantly improving ≥§€¶pharmaceutical equipm φ₹ent/intelligent manufacturing levβ€αels boosting key equipm₩←‌☆ent's research/manufacturi"‌ng capabilities/perf∏&±≈ormance promoting new technolog'★≥ies optimizing/improving process m≤< anagement reinforcing compreh↕☆<ensive quality control elevating ☆↔critical process control le& ∑₩vels addressing bottleneck<®s restricting product qual ₽✔"ities advancing information-based const₽¶×ruction over producti∑©±↔on quality controls achieving ‍¥real-time online monitoring ¥"λover production processes refin≈≤ ing change management systems wi₽β​thin enterprises.'

 

　　(7)'Strictly enforce review/approval st><★εandards deepening reformφ±s surrounding these syγλstems ensuring strict adherence towardsδ✔‍φ reviewing approvals based ≠∑upon principles alignin♠φ≠÷g generics' qualities/effects consist™×β​ently matching original ≤✘products enhancing ove♠¶‍£rall safety levels optimizing revie↑σ↓w processes increasing efficiency su÷Ωβ₩rrounding generics’ market en♦σ£πtries prioritizing registra$&‍tions linked towards ≥±£₹compulsory licensing/supportive p§$‍rojects etc., NMPA must refine tech≈ nical standards/guidelines surrou<φ↔←nding applications.'δ÷≤"

 

　　(8)'Strengthen regulatory oversight over ∏♥£pharmaceutical qualities accel☆‌ erating establishment coverinε​∏g entire lifecycle ma"Ωnagement/tracing systems r¶∑einforcing supervision checks €↕"across development/manufacturing/dis♣φ$☆tribution/use phases intensifyingβ$± adverse reaction monitoring/qua‍£lity sampling strictly investig ✘¥ating data falsification/cut∞₩↔γting corners/mixing substandard &>≤<products enforcing accountability pu©≤blicly disclosing inspect‍Ω∏ion/punishment outco✘↑ mes.'

 

　　3. Improve supportive policies

 

　　(9)Timely inclusion in the procurement cat ×alog. Drug centralized pro> ∑curement agencies shoul‌✔∞d compile procurement catalogs ac₽πε cording to the generic names of drug★♥s, promoting equal c₹±↔εompetition between generic dγ♦<rugs that are consis∏≠tent in quality and efficacy with‌α original research drugs. For∞β÷↔ newly approved gener±±ic drugs, relevant departments sh↓® ₩ould promptly prepare drug proc→∑urement codes for public medical in"∞✔≤stitutions. If the correspondingσ$© generic name drug is a→±​lready in the drug procuremen☆δt catalog, the drug centralized&©" procurement agency ☆>•should promptly initiate the procureme±γ★nt process; if the corresponding g♦φ♣eneric name drug is ₩®¥not in the drug procurement ca>↔♥talog, from the date of approval for m€Ω♥arketing, the drug centra♣≠φ§lized procurement agency should pr↑₽↓omptly evaluate and actively incluαα→≈de it in the drug procuβ&§✘rement catalog. Drugs subject to c↑€ ompulsory licensing b¥®y the state shall be unconditio↓♦↕≈nally included in lo€®δαcal drug procurement catalogs.

 

　　(10)Promote the substitution of gen♥£eric drugs. Include generic £™♥drugs that are consist ♠ πent in quality and efficacy w£'∞ith original research d"βrugs in a directory of interchangeable•¶₩✘ drugs with original resear>δch drugs, clearly in‍αdicating this on labels and instructiγ×ε≥ons, and timely publis∑π♦h relevant information to facilitate ₩↑§↑choices for medical personnel ​₽and patients. Health departm βents should strengthe↔• ¶n pharmaceutical management, formulaα÷te policies and incentα‍≥∏ives to encourage the use of ₹•≥generic drugs, and incr∞★™≈ease supervision over clinical med‍≠ication. Strictly implement requireβ↕πments for prescriptions to be£↑ issued by generic name&☆≥€s; except for special circumstances, bγ↕rand names must not appear on prescripπ<•☆tions as specified by health depart​"ments. Implement a prescription r¶₽eview system to strengthen assessments ‍♦of reasonable medication use in™ "δ medical institutions, publicly disclos•"&∏e prescribers of unreaso&€nable medications, and esta♦≤≥blish a consultation system. Streng€<then pharmacists' roles in®≤∏♠ prescription review and♠↔ medication dispensing. When providing β★>medications to patieγαnts with AIDS or tuber✔₽"σculosis as required, €δ×prioritize purchasing and using geneπ•εεric drugs.

 

　　(11)Leverage basic medical insurancπ≥e's incentive role. Accel&λ↑erate the formulation of payment≈ <¥ standards for insured m±∞>edications so that both original ×✔‌research drugs and their equi‌δ∞§valent generics are paid ♥§at the same standard. Establish§← a dynamic adjustment mechanism for >±basic medical insurance drug catalogs  λ to timely include eligibleφ€  medications. For medications listed'↔☆  in basic medical insurance catalogα>©÷s, restrictions based on brand na ✔δmes or manufacturers are not allowed;φβ update insurance information systems p'∑≠romptly to ensure tha>♣t approved generics areπ>‌‌ equally included wit₩★σ®hin insurance payment scope¥₽s. Encourage medical institutions ♥★←αto use generics through an incen≈Ω<tive constraint mechוanism linked to insurance paymδ✘₹↓ents.

 

　　(12)Clarify pathways for implementing compuφ≈‌&lsory licensing of pharmaceutica↑β§l patents. Classify implementation‌™ of compulsory licensing ac'$∞cording to law to improve ac"πcessibility of medicines. Encourage pa€₽←™tent holders to implement voluntary lic®π<©enses. Units or individuals meeting€≠ conditions for compulsory licensing ₩‍may legally submit requests to the Nati♦ ∞₩onal Intellectual Property A€'dministration (NIPA). In cases oδ>∞∞f major infectious disease outbre<≤aks or other public health emergen↑₹‍cies causing severe  γφthreats to public health due to s✔εhortages of essential medicines, evaγ™luations will be conducted by relevan↕↕t departments including NIPA¶€ upon recommendations from↔επα National Health Commis≥∏"→sion along with Ministry of Industry aπ ∞nd Information Technology (MI±π♥IT) and National Medicalσ∑ Products Administration (φ'♠∏NMPA), leading NIPA to m↕✘∑♥ake decisions regard<&  ing granting or rejecti ¥ng compulsory licenses.

 

　　(13)Formulate budgetary in↑γ≥£centives and pricing policies.♣ ₹ Gradually improve preferen÷↓tial policies where R&D e♥σ★xpenses incurred by generic comp÷÷₩anies developing new technologies, ♣©↕£products, or processes can be deducted £♠&from taxable income according to regula₽$₹tions if they meet certλ∑ain criteria. Generic companies rλ←ββecognized as emerging en≈σ∞terprises will be taxed at a €γreduced rate of 15%. The Nationa‍​✔l Development and Reform Com↔≤↑≤mission (NDRC), MIIT, among other depa≈≥×rtments should increase support★δσ♠ efforts for process upgrad♥§±es at generic companies while encourag₩≥πing local governments ↔φ★γto implement supportive policies aimedα$ at transforming and upgr π↓<ading the generic industry further enha♥π ncing support measures.

 

　　(14)Promote internationalization of th★‌e generic pharmaceutical industry.<™™© In conjunction with significant b✘φα∞reakthroughs under 'Belt and Road' iε>≤↔nitiatives, enhance exchang•≈es with relevant internation¶±γ∞al organizations and countries ♥↓&×while accelerating inte↕•rnationalization steps≈<ε  related to pharmaceutica§"≠≥l R&D, registration, maλγrket launch sales proc∑"esses. Support enterprises engaging in £§ ®international capacity cooperation wh≥₹ile establishing cross-border R£¥≥&D collaboration platforms§β ↕; actively introduce advan↔'ced management exper♠Ω‍iences along with key tech←→ ×nological processes while encoσ↓€uraging foreign enterpriδ≈ses gradually establish R&D cente>≈rs as well as production ♦≈bases.

 

　　(15)Conduct effective publicity guid↕'•ance. Departments such as health c•​"←are regulation must effectively communi™'&€cate policy interpretation★÷s while disseminatin• Ωg knowledge about pharmace← ¥uticals alongside related inf ←ormation aimed at boo​↓♠₩sting public confideα★nce towards domestically produced gen☆±​erics; enhance educational outreac×₽★∏h targeting healthcare professionals ✘$₹aimed at changing unreasonabl>β§e medication habits while improvin≥< g rational medication™≈₽ levels thereby promoting substitution ​‌±₽usage among generics.

 

　　Reformulating comprehens↔&Ωive supply assurance polic $ies alongside usage strateg∑★÷ies concerning generε•☆₩ics directly impacts public ↔&safety regarding medicatio≠∏< n alongside healthy development♣≈ ∞ within pharmaceuticΩ¶al industries; all regions alo✔↕€∑ng with respective departments m♦Ω≈®ust strengthen organizational ∏​leadership while tailoring practical↕♠Ω₽ work plans alongside sλ÷upporting details ensuring accou ×♠ntability mechanisms are solidifδ✔ied requiring tangible results ♦↕through assessments thereby advanci≥∏ng reforms steadily ens÷£♠☆uring effective implementation.

 

　　General Office of The State Coun±☆$cil

　　March 21st, 2018